Symon Petliura (May 10, 1879, Poltava – May 25, 1926, Paris) was a publicist, writer, journalist, Ukrainian politician, statesman, and national leader who led Ukraine's struggle for independence following the Russian Revolution of 1917.

During the period of Ukrainian independence in 1918–1920, he was Head of the Ukrainian State.

On May 25, 1926 Petliura was assassinated in Paris by the Jewish anarchist Sholom Schwartzbard.

Petliura is buried alongside his wife and daughter in the Cimetière du Montparnasse in Paris, France.